{"orpha":3386,"name":"American trypanosomiasis","type":"Disease","group":"Disorder","status":"active","flags":[],"synonyms":["Chagas disease"],"definition":"A tropical disease mainly found in latin America and transmitted by triatomine insects (mostly <i>Triatoma infestans</i> and <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> and <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i>) harboring the hemoflagellate protozoan parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. The disease is characterized by an acute phase which is either asymptomatic or manifest with fever, inflammation at the inoculation site (inoculation chancre or chagoma), unilateral palpebral edema called the Romaña sign (when the triatomine bite occurs near the eye), enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. The chronic phase is lifelong and development of chagasic cardiomyopathy (30%; complex arrhythmias, heart failure, and thromboembolic events), digestive (10%; megaoesophagus and megacolon), neurological (10%; stroke, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction), or mixed alterations (10%) may be observed. These can all lead to high morbidity and mortality rates.","note":null,"url":"https://raremap.alftech.space/d/ORPHA-3386/","orphanet_url":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/3386","names":{"fr":{"name":"Trypanosomiase américaine","synonyms":["Maladie de Chagas","Trypanosomose américaine"],"definition":"Maladie tropicale principalement rencontrée en Amérique latine et transmise par des insectes triatomes (principalement <i>Triatoma infestans</i>, <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i>, et <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i>) hébergeant le parasite protozoaire hémoflagellé <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. La maladie se caractérise par une phase aiguë suivant l'infection, généralement asymptomatique, mais pouvant entraîner fièvre, inflammation au site d'inoculation (chancre d'inoculation ou chagome), un oedème palpébral unilatéral appelé signe de Romana (lorsque la piqûre de triatome a lieu près de l'oeil), un gonflement des ganglions lymphatiques et une splénomégalie. Pendant la phase chronique, qui dure toute la vie, s'observe le développement d'une cardiomyopathie chagasique (30&nbsp;%, arythmies complexes, insuffisance cardiaque et événements thrombo-emboliques), de troubles digestifs (10&nbsp;%, mégaoesophage et mégacôlon), de troubles neurologiques (10&nbsp;%, accident vasculaire cérébral, neuropathie périphérique et dysautonomie), ou de troubles mixtes (10&nbsp;%). Il en résulte des taux élevés de morbidité et de mortalité."},"de":{"name":"Amerikanische Trypanosomiasis","synonyms":["Chagas-Krankheit"],"definition":"Eine tropische Krankheit, die hauptsächlich in Lateinamerika vorkommt und durch Triatominae, einer Unterfamilie der Raubwanzen (vor allem Triatoma infestans, Rhodnius prolixus und Panstrongylus megistus) übertragen wird, die den hemoflagellaten Protozoenparasiten <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> beherbergen. Die Krankheit ist durch eine akute Phase gekennzeichnet, die entweder asymptomatisch verläuft oder sich durch Fieber, Entzündungen an der Inokulationsstelle (Inokulationsgeschwür oder Chagoma), einseitige Augenlidödeme (Romaña-Zeichen, wenn der Triatominae-Biss in der Nähe des Auges erfolgt), vergrößerte Lymphknoten und Splenomegalie äußert. Die chronische Phase dauert lebenslang und es kann zur Entwicklung einer chagasischen Kardiomyopathie (30 %; komplexe Arrhythmien, Herzinsuffizienz und thromboembolische Ereignisse), Verdauungsstörungen (10 %; Megaösophagus und Megakolon), neurologischen Störungen (10 %; Schlaganfall, periphere Neuropathie und autonome Dysfunktion) oder gemischten Veränderungen (10 %) kommen. All dies kann zu hohen Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsraten führen."},"es":{"name":"Tripanosomiasis americana","synonyms":["Enfermedad de Chagas"],"definition":"Es una enfermedad tropical que se encuentra principalmente en América Latina y que se transmite por insectos triatominos (especialmente <i>Triatoma infestans</i>, <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> y <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i>) portadores del parásito protozoario hemoflagelado <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. La enfermedad se caracteriza por una fase aguda, que puede ser asintomática o en la cual se puede manifestar fiebre o inflamación en el sitio de inoculación (chancro de inoculación o chagoma), edema palpebral unilateral denominado signo de Romaña (que aparece cuando la picadura por triatominos se produce cerca del ojo), inflamación de los ganglios linfáticos y esplenomegalia. La fase crónica es irreversible y en ella se puede observar el desarrollo de miocardiopatía chagásica (30%; arritmias complejas, insuficiencia cardíaca y eventos tromboembólicos), alteraciones digestivas (10%; megaesófago y megacolon), neurológicas (10%; accidente cerebrovascular, neuropatía periférica y disfunción autonóma) o mixtas (10%). Todas ellas pueden conllevar tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad elevadas."},"it":{"name":"Tripanosomiasi americana","synonyms":["Malattia di Chagas"],"definition":"La tripanosomiasi americana, comunemente nota come malattia di Chagas (ChD), è una malattia tropicale riscontrata soprattutto nell'America Latina e tramessa dalle triatomine, un tipo di insetti (soprattutto <i>Triatoma infestans</i> ,<i> Rhodnius prolixus</i> e <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i> ) che ospitano un protozoo parassita emoflagellato <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> . La malattia è caratterizzata da una fase acuta che può essere asintomatica oppure esordire con febbre, infiammazione nel sito di inoculazione (sifiloma da inoculazione o chagoma), edema palpebrale monolaterale detto segno di Romaña (se il morso di triatomina è localizzato vicino all'occhio), ingrossamento dei linfonodi e splenomegalia. Durante la fase cronica, che dura tutta la vita, i pazienti possono sviluppare una cardiopatia chagasica (30%; aritmie complesse, insufficienza cardiaca e tromboembolismo), anomalie digestive (10%; megaesofago e megacolon), neurologiche (10%; ictus, neuropatia periferica e disfunzione del sistema autonomo), oppure anomalie miste (10%). I tassi di morbilità e mortalità sono elevati."},"nl":{"name":"Amerikaanse trypanosomiase","synonyms":["Ziekte van Chagas"],"definition":"Een tropische ziekte die voornamelijk wordt aangetroffen in Latijns-Amerika en die wordt overgedragen door insecten van de onderfamilie triatominae (voornamelijk <i>Triatoma infestans</i>, <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> en <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i>) die drager zijn van de hemoflagellate protozoaire parasiet <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. De ziekte wordt gekarakteriseerd door een acute fase die ofwel asymptomatisch is ofwel zich manifesteert met koorts, inflammatie ter hoogte van de plaats van inoculatie (sjanker of chagoom), unilateraal palpebraal oedeem genaamd het teken van Romaña (wanneer de beet van het insect zich nabij het oog bevindt), vergrote lymfeklieren, en splenomegalie. De chronische fase is levenslang en ontwikkeling van chagasische cardiomyopathie (30%; complexe aritmieën, hartfalen, en trombo-embolische voorvallen), digestieve (10%; megaoesofagus en megacolon), neurologische (10%; beroerte, perifere neuropathie en autonome disfunctie), of gemengde veranderingen (10%) kunnen waargenomen worden. Deze kunnen allen leiden tot hoge morbiditeit en mortaliteit."},"pt":{"name":"Tripanossomíase americana","synonyms":["Doença de Chagas"]},"pl":{"name":"Trypanosomoza amerykańska","synonyms":["Choroba Chagasa"]},"cs":{"name":"Americká trypanozomiáza","synonyms":["Chagasova nemoc"]},"uk":{"name":"Американський трипаносомоз","synonyms":["Хвороба Шагаса"],"definition":"A tropical disease mainly found in latin America and transmitted by triatomine insects (mostly <i>Triatoma infestans</i> and <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> and <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i>) harboring the hemoflagellate protozoan parasite <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>. The disease is characterized by an acute phase which is either asymptomatic or manifest with fever, inflammation at the inoculation site (inoculation chancre or chagoma), unilateral palpebral edema called the Romaña sign (when the triatomine bite occurs near the eye), enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. The chronic phase is lifelong and development of chagasic cardiomyopathy (30%; complex arrhythmias, heart failure, and thromboembolic events), digestive (10%; megaoesophagus and megacolon), neurological (10%; stroke, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction), or mixed alterations (10%) may be observed. These can all lead to high morbidity and mortality rates."},"zh":{"name":"美洲锥虫病","synonyms":["Chagas病"]},"tr":{"name":"Amerikan tripanozomiyazı","synonyms":["Chagas hastalığı"]}},"xrefs":[{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B57.0","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B57.1","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B57.2","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B57.3","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B57.4","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B57.5","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-11","code":"1F53","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true,"icd11_uri":"1365585570"},{"source":"ICD-11","code":"1F53.1","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true,"icd11_uri":"437268550"},{"source":"ICD-11","code":"1F53.2","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true,"icd11_uri":"1857904825"},{"source":"ICD-11","code":"1F53.3","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true,"icd11_uri":"200715565"},{"source":"ICD-11","code":"1F53.4","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true,"icd11_uri":"1279577094"},{"source":"MONDO","code":"0001444","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"MeSH","code":"D014355","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"UMLS","code":"C0041234","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"MedDRA","code":"10001935","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true}],"associations":[],"incoming_associations":[],"preferential_parent":{"orpha":68416,"name":"Rare infectious disease"},"parents":[{"orpha":163588,"name":"Rare parasitic disease","classifications":[203]}],"children":[],"genes":[],"genes_via_subtypes":[],"inheritance":["Not applicable"],"onset":["All ages"],"prevalence":[{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"1-9 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"Europe","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"1-9 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"France","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"<1 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"Germany","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"1-9 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"Italy","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"<1 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"Netherlands","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"<1 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"Portugal","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"1-9 / 100 000","value":0.0,"area":"Spain","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"1-9 / 100 000","value":0.0,"area":"Switzerland","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"<1 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"United Kingdom","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"1-9 / 1 000 000","value":0.0,"area":"Belgium","status":"Not yet validated","source":"21944556[PMID]"},{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Value and class","class":"6-9 / 10 000","value":95.0,"area":"United States","status":"Validated","source":"19640226[PMID]_Center for Diseases Control and Prevention [OTHER]"}],"phenotypes":{"validation_status":"y","online":"y","validation_date":"2017-02-14","source":"26513769[PMID]","terms":[{"hpo":"HP:0002027","label":"Abdominal pain","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0011675","label":"Arrhythmia","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0030057","label":"Autoimmune antibody positivity","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001638","label":"Cardiomyopathy","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012735","label":"Cough","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002014","label":"Diarrhea","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002094","label":"Dyspnea","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000969","label":"Edema","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001945","label":"Fever","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002315","label":"Headache","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002240","label":"Hepatomegaly","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0011355","label":"Localized skin lesion","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002716","label":"Lymphadenopathy","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0003326","label":"Myalgia","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012819","label":"Myocarditis","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000980","label":"Pallor","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0100539","label":"Periorbital edema","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000988","label":"Skin rash","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001744","label":"Splenomegaly","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001907","label":"Thromboembolism","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012700","label":"Abnormal large intestine physiology","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002571","label":"Achalasia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002251","label":"Aganglionic megacolon","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001635","label":"Congestive heart failure","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000707","label":"Abnormality of the nervous system","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002383","label":"Infectious encephalitis","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0009830","label":"Peripheral neuropathy","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null}]}}