{"orpha":3385,"name":"African trypanosomiasis","type":"Disease","group":"Disorder","status":"active","flags":[],"synonyms":["Sleeping sickness"],"definition":"A rare parasitic disease characterized by infection with the protozoans <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (East African trypanosomiasis) or <i>T. brucei gambiense</i> (West African trypanosomiasis), usually due to the bite of an infected tsetse fly. The first, hemolymphatic stage presents with fever, headaches, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and aching muscles and joints. In East African trypanosomiasis, the fly bite may develop into a red sore or chancre. This form then progresses to CNS invasion with somnolence and other neurologic and psychiatric symptoms within a few weeks, while West African trypanosomiasis slowly progresses within about 3 years. Both forms are fatal if left untreated.","note":null,"url":"https://raremap.alftech.space/d/ORPHA-3385/","orphanet_url":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/3385","names":{"fr":{"name":"Trypanosomiase africaine","synonyms":["Maladie du sommeil","Trypanosomose africaine"],"definition":"Parasitose rare caractérisée par une infection par les protozoaires <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (en Afrique de l'Est) ou <i>Trypanosom brucei gambiense</i> (en Afrique de l'Ouest), provoquée généralement par une piqûre de la mouche tsé-tsé elle-même infectée. Le premier stade, hémolymphatique, se manifeste par une fièvre, des céphalées, une fatigue, une lymphadénopathie et des douleurs musculaires et articulaires. Dans le cas de la trypanosomiase de l'Afrique de l'Est, une lésion rouge ou un chancre peut se développer à l'endroit de la piqûre. Cette forme de la maladie évolue en quelques semaines vers une invasion du SNC avec somnolence et autres signes neurologiques et psychiatriques. La progression de la trypanosomiase de l'Afrique de l'Ouest est, quant à elle, très lente, et s'étend sur une période d'environ 3 ans. En l'absence de traitement, les deux formes sont létales."},"de":{"name":"Afrikanische Trypanosomiasis","synonyms":["Schlafkrankheit"],"definition":"Eine seltene parasitäre Krankheit, die durch eine Infektion mit den Protozoen <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (ostafrikanische Trypanosomiasis) oder <i>T. brucei gambiense</i> (westafrikanische Trypanosomiasis) gekennzeichnet ist und in der Regel auf den Stich einer infizierten Tsetsefliege zurückzuführen ist. Das erste, hämolymphatische Stadium äußert sich durch Fieber, Kopfschmerzen, Müdigkeit, Lymphadenopathie sowie Muskel- und Gelenkschmerzen. Bei der ostafrikanischen Trypanosomiasis kann sich der Fliegenstich zu einem roten Geschwür oder Schanker entwickeln. Bei dieser Form kommt es dann innerhalb weniger Wochen zu einer ZNS-Invasion mit Somnolenz und anderen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Symptomen, während die westafrikanische Trypanosomiasis innerhalb von etwa drei Jahren langsam fortschreitet. Beide Formen sind tödlich, wenn sie nicht behandelt werden."},"es":{"name":"Tripanosomiasis africana","definition":"Es una enfermedad parasitaria poco frecuente caracterizada por la infección con los protozoos <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (tripanosomiasis de África Oriental) o <i>T. brucei gambiense</i> (tripanosomiasis de África Occidental), generalmente debido a la picadura de una mosca tsetsé infectada. La primera etapa, hemolinfática, se presenta con fiebre, cefalea, debilidad, linfadenopatía y dolor músculoesquelético. En la tripanosomiasis de África oriental, la picadura de la mosca puede convertirse en una llaga roja o chancro. Esta forma luego progresa invadiendo el SNC que se manifiesta con somnolencia y otros síntomas neurológicos y psiquiátricos en unas pocas semanas, mientras que la tripanosomiasis de África occidental progresa lentamente en aproximadamente tres años. Sin tratamiento, ambas formas son fatales."},"it":{"name":"Tripanosomiasi africana","definition":"La tripanosomiasi africana umana (HAT), anche nota come malattia del sonno, è una parassitosi trasmessa da un vettore e causata da un protozoo appartenente alla specie <i>Trypanosoma</i> , che viene trasmesso attraverso il morso della mosca tse-tse (specie Glossina</i> ). La forma cronica della malattia (durata media 3 anni) è presente nei Paesi dell'Africa occidentale e centrale (sottospecie <i>T. brucei gambiense</i>) e in forma acuta (durata variabile da poche settimane a 6 mesi) nell'Africa orientale e meridionale (sottospecie <i>T. brucei rhodesiense</i> ). Il decorso della malattia comprende una fase emolinfatica iniziale caratterizzata da febbre, debolezza, dolore muscoloscheletrico, anemia e linfoadenopatia, associate a complicanze cutanee, cardiache ed endocrine, oppure epatosplenomegalia; segue una fase meningoencefalitica, caratterizzata da interessamento neurologico (disturbi del sonno, malattia psichiatrica e crisi epilettiche) che, se non trattato, progredisce verso la meningoencefalite letale."},"nl":{"name":"Afrikaanse trypanosomiase","synonyms":["Slaapziekte"],"definition":"Een zeldzame parasitaire aandoening, gekenmerkt door infectie met de protozoa <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (Oost-Afrikaanse trypanosomiase) of <i>T. brucei gambiense</i> (West-Afrikaanse trypanosomiase), meestal als gevolg van een beet van een geïnfecteerde tseetseevlieg. Het eerste, hemolymfatische stadium wordt gekenmerkt door koorts, hoofdpijn, vermoeidheid, lymfadenopathie, en pijnlijke spieren en gewrichten. In geval van Oost-Afrikaanse trypanosomiase kan de vliegenbeet verder ontwikkelen tot een rode zweer of sjanker. Bij deze vorm is er vervolgens progressie naar invasie van centraal zenuwstelsel met somnolentie en andere neurologische en psychiatrische symptomen binnen enkele weken, terwijl West-Afrikaanse trypanosomiase traag evolueert binnen een periode van ongeveer drie jaar. Beide vormen zijn fataal indien ze onbehandeld blijven."},"pt":{"name":"Tripanossomíase Africana"},"pl":{"name":"Trypanosomatoza afrykańska","synonyms":["Śpiączka"],"definition":"Rzadka choroba pasożytnicza przenoszona przez wektory, wywoływana przez pierwotniaki z rodzaju Trypanosoma, przenoszona przez ukąszenie muchy tse-tse (rodzaj Glossina), występująca w postaci przewlekłej ( średni czas trwania 3 lata) w Afryce Zachodniej i Środkowej (podgatunek T. brucei gambiense) i w postaci ostrej (trwającej od kilku tygodni do 6 miesięcy) we wschodniej i południowej Afryce (podgatunek T. brucei rhodesiense). HAT obejmuje początkowy etap hemo-limfatyczny, charakteryzujący się gorączką, osłabieniem, bólami kostno-mięśniowymi, niedokrwistością i powiększeniem węzłów chłonnych oraz powikłaniami dermatologicznymi, kardiologicznymi i endokrynologicznymi lub powiększeniem wątroby i śledziony, po którym następuje etap oponowo-mózgowy charakteryzujący się objawami neurologicznymi (zaburzenia snu, zaburzenia psychiczne) drgawki), które w przypadku braku leczenia postępują w kierunku śmiertelnego zapalenia opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych."},"cs":{"name":"Trypanozomóza africká","synonyms":["Spavá nemoc"]},"uk":{"name":"Африканський трипаносомоз","synonyms":["Сонна хвороба"],"definition":"A rare parasitic disease characterized by infection with the protozoans <i>Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense</i> (East African trypanosomiasis) or <i>T. brucei gambiense</i> (West African trypanosomiasis), usually due to the bite of an infected tsetse fly. The first, hemolymphatic stage presents with fever, headaches, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and aching muscles and joints. In East African trypanosomiasis, the fly bite may develop into a red sore or chancre. This form then progresses to CNS invasion with somnolence and other neurologic and psychiatric symptoms within a few weeks, while West African trypanosomiasis slowly progresses within about 3 years. Both forms are fatal if left untreated."},"zh":{"name":"非洲锥虫病","synonyms":["非洲睡眠病"]},"tr":{"name":"Afrika tripanozomiyazı","synonyms":["Uyku hastalığı"]}},"xrefs":[{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B56.0","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B56.1","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-10","code":"B56.9","qualifier":"BTNT","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true},{"source":"ICD-11","code":"1F51","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":"specific","validated":true,"icd11_uri":"875488052"},{"source":"MONDO","code":"0005459","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"MeSH","code":"D014353","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"UMLS","code":"C0041228","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"GARD","code":"7826","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true},{"source":"MedDRA","code":"10001461","qualifier":"E","icd_relation":null,"validated":true}],"associations":[],"incoming_associations":[],"preferential_parent":{"orpha":68416,"name":"Rare infectious disease"},"parents":[{"orpha":163588,"name":"Rare parasitic disease","classifications":[203]}],"children":[],"genes":[],"genes_via_subtypes":[],"inheritance":["Not applicable"],"onset":["All ages"],"prevalence":[{"type":"Point prevalence","qualification":"Class only","class":"Unknown","value":0.0,"area":"Worldwide","status":"Not yet validated","source":"23260189[PMID]"}],"phenotypes":{"validation_status":"y","online":"y","validation_date":"2020-04-08","source":"23260189[PMID]_22632638[PMID]","terms":[{"hpo":"HP:0000707","label":"Abnormality of the nervous system","frequency":"Very frequent (99-80%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001262","label":"Excessive daytime somnolence","frequency":"Very frequent (99-80%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0030050","label":"Narcolepsy","frequency":"Very frequent (99-80%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0032323","label":"Periodic fever","frequency":"Very frequent (99-80%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002360","label":"Sleep abnormality","frequency":"Very frequent (99-80%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0006979","label":"Sleep-wake cycle disturbance","frequency":"Very frequent (99-80%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0003115","label":"Abnormal EKG","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012751","label":"Abnormal basal ganglia MRI signal intensity","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002500","label":"Abnormal cerebral white matter morphology","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002494","label":"Abnormal rapid eye movement sleep","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0011442","label":"Abnormality of central motor function","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000741","label":"Apathy","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0410263","label":"Brain imaging abnormality","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012378","label":"Fatigue","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001288","label":"Gait disturbance","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002315","label":"Headache","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002240","label":"Hepatomegaly","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001433","label":"Hepatosplenomegaly","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0100785","label":"Insomnia","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002716","label":"Lymphadenopathy","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001324","label":"Muscle weakness","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000989","label":"Pruritus","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0025145","label":"Rigors","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001744","label":"Splenomegaly","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001824","label":"Weight loss","frequency":"Frequent (79-30%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0032367","label":"Abnormal growth hormone level","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0040086","label":"Abnormal prolactin level","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0011731","label":"Abnormality of circulating cortisol level","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000847","label":"Abnormality of renin-angiotensin system","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002167","label":"Abnormality of speech or vocalization","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000818","label":"Abnormality of the endocrine system","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000140","label":"Abnormality of the menstrual cycle","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000718","label":"Aggressive behavior","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002304","label":"Akinesia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001596","label":"Alopecia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000739","label":"Anxiety","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002829","label":"Arthralgia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000708","label":"Atypical behavior","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001266","label":"Choreoathetosis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000509","label":"Conjunctivitis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0006824","label":"Cranial nerve paralysis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002014","label":"Diarrhea","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000651","label":"Diplopia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0005521","label":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0100660","label":"Dyskinesia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002380","label":"Fasciculations","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001288","label":"Gait disturbance","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000771","label":"Gynecomastia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001269","label":"Hemiparesis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0010831","label":"Impaired proprioception","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000802","label":"Impotence","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000789","label":"Infertility","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0004305","label":"Involuntary movements","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001101","label":"Iritis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000737","label":"Irritability","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000952","label":"Jaundice","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000491","label":"Keratitis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0007178","label":"Motor polyneuropathy","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002018","label":"Nausea","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0100653","label":"Optic neuritis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0003470","label":"Paralysis","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0003401","label":"Paresthesia","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002476","label":"Primitive reflex","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001345","label":"Psychotic mentation","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0004372","label":"Reduced consciousness","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000083","label":"Renal insufficiency","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0011706","label":"Second degree atrioventricular block","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0003474","label":"Somatic sensory dysfunction","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001709","label":"Third degree atrioventricular block","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001337","label":"Tremor","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000020","label":"Urinary incontinence","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002119","label":"Ventriculomegaly","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002013","label":"Vomiting","frequency":"Occasional (29-5%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0011675","label":"Arrhythmia","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001259","label":"Coma","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001635","label":"Congestive heart failure","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0031258","label":"Delirium","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0025475","label":"Erythematous macule","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0000738","label":"Hallucinations","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012486","label":"Myelitis","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0002196","label":"Myelopathy","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0012819","label":"Myocarditis","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001085","label":"Papilledema","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001701","label":"Pericarditis","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001622","label":"Premature birth","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0001250","label":"Seizure","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null},{"hpo":"HP:0005268","label":"Spontaneous abortion","frequency":"Very rare (<4-1%)","criteria":null}]}}